APEC Project Proposal

Project No.TPT 07 2020A
Project TitleBuilding a Culture of Security and Countering the Insider Risk
Project StatusProject in Implementation
Publication (if any)
Fund AccountAPEC Support Fund
Sub-fundASF: Human Security
Project Year2020
Project SessionSession 2
APEC Funding93,000
Co-funding Amount22,000
Total Project Value115,000
Sponsoring ForumTransportation Working Group (TPTWG)
TopicsTransportation
CommitteeSOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation (SCE)
Other Fora Involved
Other Non-APEC Stakeholders Involved
Proposing Economy(ies)United States
Co-Sponsoring EconomiesCanada;New Zealand;Singapore;Chinese Taipei
Expected Start Date01/02/2021
Expected Completion Date30/06/2022
Project Proponent Name 1Kalei Cravalho / Eric Yatar
Job Title 1Program Analyst / Deputy Director
Organization 1US Transportation Security Administration
Postal Address 1Not Applicable
Telephone 1(1-571) 2271149
Fax 1Not Applicable
Email 1ghislaine.cravalho@tss.dhs.gov
Project Proponent Name 2David Mickalonis
Job Title 2Branch Manager
Organization 2US Transportation Security Administration
Postal Address 2Not Applicable
Telephone 2(1-571) 2271149
Fax 2Not Applicable
Email 2ghislaine.cravalho@tss.dhs.gov
DeclarationKalei Vravalho; Eric Yator and David Mickalonis
Project Summary
Security culture is a set of common beliefs, values and practices that are inherent in an organization’s daily operations. The benefits of security culture to an aviation organization are many, including the reduced risk of security incidents and breaches when employees work in more security-conscious ways. This has both direct and indirect impacts on an airport’s commercial viability and consumer confidence, both locally and regionally. This project will consist of two three-hour virtual workshop sessions, a two-day in-person workshop with interactive components, and mid- and follow-up surveys, culminating in a Best Practices Guidelines to enhance Member Economies’ aviation security culture policies and programs. The workshop will cover the benefits of conducting risk analyses, to include identifying and defining key components of risk, and highlight international practices and guidance on designing and implementing effective organizational security as a means of countering the unique risk posed by insiders within the aviation environment.
Relevance

Relevance – Region: This project seeks to assist APEC Member Economies to address the improvement of aviation and airport workers’ engagement with and responsibility for security issues, and identification and reporting of behaviors and activities of concern, without the need for major resource expenditure. Developing security culture and human capability is a priority outcome of the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) Global Aviation Security Plan; to that end, ICAO will relaunch the “Year of Security Culture” in 2021. This APEC project will assist Member Economies in understanding the importance of and how to design programs and policies that enhance security awareness and improve their aviation system’s culture of security, particularly within the airport environment. This will, in turn, benefit the regional aviation ecosystem and ultimately the global transportation network. The implementation of security culture has sustained benefits for every economy, from economies that are in the early stages of developing their aviation security (AVSEC) programs to economies with established AVSEC programs, but it is particularly relevant for those operating with very limited AVSEC resources.

The proposed Security Culture Project is unique from other aviation security-related projects funded and/or sponsored/endorsed by APEC because this Project will cover the fundamental principles of policy-making and programming that contribute to the development and sustainment of Security Culture within the aviation domain, which these other projects do not. The Security Culture Project will specifically address the various tools that Member Economies can use to develop their own Economy-specific policies and programs for operational implementation within an airport operating environment, and establish the overarching framework that will ensure an active and effective Security Culture. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has dubbed 2021 as the Year of Security Culture, and this Project will advance the aims of that initiatve and allow APEC Member Economies to establish best practices and gather lessons learned that can be shared across the APEC Region but also external to APEC, and contribute to and inform the development of international guidance material on Security Culture at the ICAO-level and that can be shared in other forums as well. None of the other APEC projects address this particular topic or aim to achieve these outcomes. Similarly, this Project advances the current policy theme focus of the APEC TPTWG-Aviation Experts Group, which is Security Culture, builds on the fruitful discussions within that forum, and will provide a substantive and tangible output for the TPTWG-AEG.

Outputs 1 and 2 (delivery of workshops) directly relate to the project issue as they are the main source of project learning and will kick-off knowledge sharing between APEC member economies on the subject of Security Culture. Without outputs 1 and 2, project outcomes would not be realized because there would be no knowledge transfer. Output 3 (Best Practices Guidelines) is a compilation of lessons learned and best practices of APEC member economies. This output allows participants to review what other APEC member economies have implemented in regards to Security Culture, thus promoting ideas on what they may be able to adopt and implement within their respective economies to develop and/or enhance their Security Culture policies, programs, and related initiatives. Output 4 (Workshop Summary) will condense workshop lessons for review by the APEC Secretariat and for reference by the participants. Publishing the Workshop Summary for distribution will encourage participants to share the knowledge gained within their respective economies and to consider expanding on workshop principles. Sharing the Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary with other international forums (for example, ICAO) will assist in realizing future projects and reporting results, as mentioned in Question 13: Sustainability, and will also place APEC at the forefront as a contributor the development of international guidance material on Security Culture that may be used outside of the APEC Region and that may also be adapted for use in other modes of transportation.

Relevance – Eligibility and Fund Priorities: This project falls under the APEC Support Fund – Sub-Fund on Human Security with an emphasis on the funding priorities of Counter-Terrorism and Secure Trade. This project targets Member Economies’ capacity to effectively counter terrorist threats to the aviation domain and mitigate vulnerabilities within the airport environment. This project will contribute to sustainable growth of the aviation sector and encourage the development and implementation of innovative AVSEC policies and programs in furtherance of risk reduction. This project will also enable Member Economies to further ICAO’s priority outcomes, while enhancing their capacity to develop policies and implement programs related to the enhancement of security culture, by learning best practices from other economies’ experiences that are complemented by sound risk analyses and management principles.

Relevance – Capacity Building: At the 2006 Total Supply Chain Security Symposium, the Chairman of the Counter-Terrorism Task Force declared there can be no sustained development without robust security. The development of a functional security culture that is embodied in philosophies, set forth in policies, transmitted across communities, emphasized in public messages and symbols, and integrated in corporate and non-government objectives is imperative to the success of Member Economies’ security efforts. This project directly supports APEC’s goal for capacity building while attaining sustainable growth and equitable development in the Asia-Pacific region. It is designed to build Member Economies’ capacity to attain long-term sustainable growth by strengthening and ingraining security culture in aviation operations. The principles learned and best practices shared can be easily replicated across economies and the region through partnerships with aviation stakeholders. A strong AVSEC environment can produce higher consumer confidence and yield economic returns, and as a result, economies will be able to participate more fully in the region through trade and investments in the global economy.

Objectives

The objectives of this project are three-fold: 1) ensure participants understand the importance and concepts of security culture and how they relate to their domestic AVSEC regimes; 2) increase participants’ knowledge of the insider threat within the aviation domain and how to better leverage stakeholder buy-in to mitigate that threat within a resource-constrained environment; and 3) build support for participants’ strategies for implementing security culture concepts and best practices within their domestic operations, and employing risk analysis and mitigation principles.

Alignment

Alignment - APEC:  This project advances several priorities outlined in the 2017 APEC Transportation Ministerial Meeting, including: enhancing transportation security by improving Member Economies’ capacity to mitigate vulnerabilities and counter terrorist threats; engaging with other stakeholders within APEC (i.e., CTWG, TWG) and international organizations (i.e., ICAO); encouraging participation in ICAO priorities, such as the development of security culture and human capability programs; and minimizing security risks to transportation by encouraging economies to develop strong and informed security policies and to boost participation in security initiatives.

Alignment – Forum: The Proposed TPTWG Work Plan for 2020 lists priorities to advance APEC’s overarching agenda, such as enhancing transportation accessibility, safety, security, resilience, efficiency, and sustainability, as well as encouraging cross-cutting socio-economic improvement. This project aligns with those agenda items by enabling Member Economies to develop and institute more sustainable AVSEC measures that will not only enhance security culture across the airport environment, but also will allow for sustained high levels of security across the aviation network and throughout the APEC region to contribute to this transport vision. During the project, participants will learn how to better leverage existing resources to mitigate the insider threat, thereby affording all Member Economies, regardless of their economic means, equal opportunity to develop and implement countermeasures without additional resources, thus creating a more secure, efficient, and sustainable transportation environment. Within the Proposed TPTWG Work Plan, relevant APEC fora were identified with which to strengthen cross-fora collaboration, such as the CTWG. The Proposing APEC Economy proactively recognizes transportation as a key sector that impacts many economic initiatives and industries. Therefore, we will collaborate not only with the CTWG, but other relevant fora for which the increase in security and efficiency of the aviation transportation sector would also greatly benefit, such as the TWG.

As outlined in the Proposed TPTWG Work Plan and agreed upon at its 47th Meeting held in Vancouver, Canada in April 2019, the TPTWG members will lead in-depth discussions on their respective focused themes. One of the focused themes for the Aviation Experts Group (AEG) is Security Culture and Insider Threat, and discussion on these topics was started and the foundation set at that 47th Meeting. This project will follow from that discussion and will continue to provide Member Economies with building blocks for a more robust aviation operating environment. This is accomplished through the enhancement of initiatives to combat the insider threat by way of the development and implementation of a security culture, and to reinforce the importance that security is everyone’s responsibility. This project not only aligns with the Proposed TPTWG Work Plan for 2020, but it also advances the TPTWG’s priorities by extending the conversation into 2021 and beyond, through in-depth examination of these topics and the installation of timeless principles to combatting the insider threat and by encouraging participants to implement those principles within their respective economies.

TILF/ASF Justification
Not Applicable.
Beneficiaries and Outputs

Outputs:

1.  Virtual Workshop Development and Delivery – 5 months (February to June 2021; delivery June 2021)

The virtual workshop will be comprised of two three-hour instructional sessions. Development of both the virtual and in-person workshop curriculums will be done in-house by the Proposing APEC Economy where existing materials (i.e., training materials on security culture, insider risk, etc.) will be tailored to this project’s objectives and for context and applicability to participants. 

During the development phases, the workshop agenda, presentations, and facilitator guide will be drafted and structured into modules that allow flexibility for method of instruction. For the virtual workshop, modules are likely to be in presentation-style format with facilitator prompts to encourage participant engagement. The virtual workshop modules are expected to address:

·   Overview of the evolving threat to international civil aviation, to include considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic environment.

·   Introduction of security culture, its elements and efficacy.

·   Understanding risk (threat, vulnerabilities, and consequence) in the aviation domain as an element of security culture. 

·   Discussion of the unique risks associated with trusted insiders and complacency in the implementation of security controls, and the negative effects these can have on their deterrent value.

·   Common elements of successful security cultures.

2. In-Person Workshop Development and Delivery – 11 months (February to December 2021; delivery December 2021)

For the two-day in-person workshop, modules are likely to be in presentation-style format with facilitator prompts to encourage participant engagement and include breakout group format for group work or practical exercises. The in-person workshop modules are practical applications of the lessons learned during the virtual workshop and are expected to address:

·   International standards and recommended practices related to security culture.

·  The ICAO Tool Kit on security culture and its elements, to include Security Management Systems (SeMS).

· Employing risk analyses and management principles for the targeted application of countermeasures and security culture policies and programs.

·  Best practices and lessons learned in building security culture.

·  Allocating limited resources to effectively target known threats and mitigate assessed risk.

Participant manuals that address necessary factors will be provided to participants to guide their design of proposed action measures, which can then be used by the participants when they return to their respective agencies and/or airports.

Singapore is the proposed location for the in-person workshop because Singapore is a Member Economy of APEC, a co-sponsor of this project, is a centrally located and accessible venue, and has excellent aviation security training facilities available for this workshop.

3. Best Practices Guidelines – 12 months (June 2021 to May 2022; completion May 2022)

Starting during the virtual workshop and continuing post-in-person workshop, participants will contribute inputs to the Best Practices Guidelines, which will be compiled and later disseminated to workshop participants. The Best Practices Guidelines will be a 12-15-page document that includes a cover page, table of contents, summary of random and unpredictable countermeasure principles, and participant inputs. Refer to Question 7: Dissemination for dissemination plans of the Best Practices Guidelines. 

4.  Workshop Summary – 12 months (June 2021 to May 2022; completion May 2022)

The Workshop Summary will be an 8-12-page document that includes a cover page, table of contents, introduction to the project, list of participating economies and agencies, brief summary of course modules, summary of participant feedback, lessons learned, and conclusions and recommendations from both the virtual and in-person workshops. Refer to Question 7: Dissemination for dissemination plans of the Workshop Summary. 

Outcomes:

1.  Participants demonstrated an expansion of their knowledge of aviation security threats (e.g., the insider threat), risk management principles, and specific measures supporting security culture. Participants returned to their economies with a greater understanding of how, and with the skills necessary, to apply risk management principles in the development and execution of security policies, programs, and plans and how to effectively implement security culture elements across the aviation environment. Recalling lessons learned and best practices gleaned from peers, participants leveraged airport and/or domestic level policy and planning guidance from the workshop participant manuals to more effectively allocate limited financial, human, and other resources in order to implement security culture enhancing programs, trainings, and initiatives, and to more effectively mitigate the insider risk, within their respective economies. 

2. With the increased understanding of security culture and the risks associated with the insider threat, regulatory requirements and AVSEC policies and plans are formulated in a way that enables and facilitates more cost effective security operations, and security culture concepts are further developed and implemented within the aviation environment. This is indicated by procedural and operational changes, in respect of which adherence to related international standards and recommended practices is increased. Aviation regulators and operators are engaged, along with industry stakeholders, to work collaboratively to create an aviation environment that is more secure, supported, and reinforced by a cohesive culture of security. 

3. Participants developed cross-collaborative information sharing of APEC Member Economy AVSEC authorities’ experiences and best practices through facilitated discussions during the workshops, which culminated in the collation of the Best Practices Guidelines. Participants are supported throughout their implementation of security culture concepts within their domestic operations through the employment of risk analysis and risk mitigation principles. With the dissemination of the Best Practices Guidelines to international aviation organizations (i.e., ICAO), participants contributed to informing and expanding international guidelines for security culture programming within and beyond the APEC region. 

Beneficiaries: The target audience for this workshop (selection criteria) is individuals in an Executive or Managerial-level position who are directly involved in the development and/or operationalization of AVSEC policies and programs within APEC Member Economies, both at the domestic (regulator) level and airport/industry (operator) level. It is imperative to have a good mix between regulator and operator level participants as the successful development and implementation of security culture requires change in the institutional mindset at both levels and throughout the aviation environment. Both need to work collaboratively to apply project principles and achieve project outcomes. 

Beneficiary profiles include Member Economy aviation security officials, policy makers and regulators, as well as aviation industry stakeholders responsible for aviation security. Individuals will be invited to participate from each of the 21 APEC Member Economies and solicited through TPTWG messaging, in consultation with the CTWG and TWG. In accordance with the Malaysian Host Year’s priorities and Proposed TPTWG Work Plan for 2020, this project upholds the initiative to encourage Women in Transport. To this end, the Proposing APEC Economy aims to ensure the participant invitee list includes a healthy mix of women and men. 

Workshop participants are not the only beneficiaries for this project. Post-workshop, participants are encouraged to partner with stakeholders within their economy’s aviation environment to apply the lessons learned. Therefore, workshop principles will be replicated and implemented to the benefit of a stronger global aviation ecosystem. Regardless of who participates in the workshops, all APEC Member Economies will have access to the workshop principles and deliverables to introduce and implement within their own economy.

It is envisioned that the participants of the virtual workshops and the in-person workshop will be the same. Participants are highly encouraged to attend all events because the virtual workshops will introduce key concepts to the project (Part 1) and the in-person workshop will be an expansion and practical application of those concepts (Part 2). Without attending all sessions, participants may not have a full understanding of security culture and may not be able to successfully implement the project’s concepts in their economy’s aviation operations.

Dissemination

Dissemination: The Best Practices Guidelines and the Workshop Summary will be published and made available electronically via ACS and other APEC document databases for briefing and distribution during the TPTWG, CTWG, and TWG meetings following the completion of the project, to encourage all APEC Member Economies to consider the development and implementation of a culture of security. The POs will then work with the APEC Secretariat to disseminate the publications to the wider APEC audience, for example posting on the APEC website. Electronic distribution is the preferred method of dissemination; therefore, the Best Practices Guidelines and the Workshop Summary will not be printed. The POs will adhere to the requirements in the Guidebook on APEC Projects, the APEC Publications Guidelines, and the APEC Logo Guidelines for these publications, to include presenting at a level of English fit for publication and adhering to APEC nomenclature rules. 

The Proposing APEC Economy will share the project results outside of APEC, but has no intention to sell it. In addition to briefing the project’s outputs within APEC, the Best Practices Guidelines and the Workshop Summary may be packaged for briefing and dissemination to international aviation security organizations, such as ICAO and its Aviation Security Panel of Experts. This may be done in an electronic format and will therefore not require additional funds from APEC to accomplish (refer also to Section D: Project Sustainability for additional information).

Gender

Gender: The Proposing APEC Economy does not discriminate and will invite aviation security experts to contribute on the project regardless of gender. The POs will ensure both women and men are invited to, engaged and participate in all activities of this project. In regard to the inclusion of women, the Proposing APEC Economy will target participant engagement of at least 25% of women participants, and 30% of women experts and other contributors. The POs are committed to collecting sex disaggregated data for all participants and experts (not only those funded by APEC) during the workshops. This data will be included when submitting a Completion Report to the Secretariat upon completion of the project, as well as providing guidance to future POs on their own gender parity targets.

Project outcomes and objectives benefit the global aviation ecosystem as a whole, which will include benefits for women in transport. Specifically, this project will promote women’s economic empowerment through the pillars on skills and capacity building, and leadership, voice, and agency. The workshops and its activities will teach women participants the technical principles of risk management and security culture policy and program development, and prepare them for successful application of these principles within their economy’s AVSEC operations. Additionally, as AVSEC professionals and leaders, women will be invited to contribute in all aspects of the project from the project coordination, workshop development and delivery, follow-up activities, and project reporting.

Work Plan

Time

Tasks

Deliverables

February 2021

Project start.

The Proposing APEC Economy will organize all project details in-house.

The POs will establish working procedures and division of labor with the project’s collaborating stakeholders, such as economy co-sponsors and collaborating APEC working groups.

Definition of Groundwork and Outline of Responsibilities for Project

March – May 2021

The POs will finalize the virtual workshop logistics.

In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will create the list of workshop invitees and issue invitations.

In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will develop both workshops’ curriculums.

In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will recruit workshop experts and facilitate creation of the applied components (e.g., activities, practical exercises, plan development).

In accordance with the APEC Projects Guidebook, the POs will keep the Secretariat, via the Program Director (PD), informed of project implementation progress. This will include but is not limited to funding requirement notifications.

At least two months before the virtual workshop (April 2021), the POs will send the General Information Circular for the virtual workshop.

The POs will complete and submit the Monitoring Report to the PD (due by 1 April 2021).

In coordination with the PD, the POs will create workshop evaluation instruments (i.e., questionnaires and surveys).

Preparation and Coordination of Project

Development of Workshop Curriculums

Send General Information Circular

Submission of APEC Project Monitoring Report

Development of Workshop Evaluation Instruments

June 2021

The Proposing APEC Economy will host the virtual workshop and facilitate the training delivery.

During workshop delivery, experts will solicit best practices from participants and the POs will compile the initial input.

The POs will collect the pre-workshop and post-workshop questionnaires.

The POs will use the Event Attendance List template to collect participant and expert data, and adhere to the necessary requirements regarding data collection and the template.

Delivery of Virtual Workshop

Use of Event Attendance List

July – September 2021

The POs will evaluate the data collected by the virtual workshop questionnaires and include findings in relevant summaries.

In collaboration with the experts, the POs will summarize virtual workshop discussions and presentations.

In accordance with the APEC Projects Guidebook, the POs will keep the PD informed of project implementation progress.The POs will send a mid-project survey to participants. Responses will be evaluated and used to inform content for the in-person workshop.

The Proposing APEC Economy will finalize the in-person workshop logistics, including consideration to shift to a virtual workshop, if necessary (by September 2021).

Evaluation of Virtual Workshop

Preparation and Coordination of In-Person Workshop

October – November 2021

At least two months before the in-person workshop, the POs will send the General Information Circular for the in-person workshop (by October 2021).

To travel-eligible economy participants and experts, the POs will provide specific guidance on travel limitations and funding reimbursement in accordance with APEC guidelines.

In accordance with the APEC Projects Guidebook, the POs will keep the PD informed of project implementation progress.

Send General Information Circular

December 2021

The Proposing APEC Economy will host the in-person workshop and facilitate the training delivery.

During workshop delivery, experts will solicit best practices from participants.

The POs will collect the pre-workshop and post-workshop questionnaires.

The POs will use the Event Attendance List template to collect participant and expert data, and adhere to the necessary requirements regarding data collection and the template.

Delivery of In-Person Workshop

Use of Event Attendance List

January – March 2022

February 2022: the POs will send the follow-up survey and continue to solicit best practices input.

The POs will evaluate the data collected by the follow-up survey and include the findings in relevant summaries.

In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will identify recommendations from the workshop.

Execution of Follow-Up Activities

Continuation of Progress Monitoring

April – May 2022

The POs will complete and submit the Monitoring Report to the PD (due by 1 April 2022).

The POs will finalize and submit the Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary for APEC publication (no later than 1 May 2022).

The POs will resolve all project related payments and reimbursement claims, if applicable, and submit financial documentary requirements to the Secretariat via the PD (due at least 6 weeks before project completion).

Submission of APEC Project Monitoring Report

Submission of Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary

Submission of Financial Documentary Requirements

June 2022

Project completion.

August 2022

The POs will complete and submit the APEC Project Completion Report and supporting documents of the project to the PD (due within 2 months after project completion).

Submission of APEC Project Completion Report

6-12 months after project completion

The POs will participate in the Long Term Evaluation of APEC Projects conducted by the Secretariat.

Post-Project Completion Activity

Risks

Due to the current global climate, the greatest risk that could and has impacted this project’s implementation is the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 impact on global health, international travel, and the subsequent application of travel restrictions, the Proposing APEC Economy has shifted this project’s in-person workshop to December 2021 and added a virtual workshop in June 2021. With the addition of a virtual workshop, the noted risk of APEC projects failing to engage more than half of the anticipated number of funded-participants is mitigated, because the virtual format allows greater opportunity for participation without need for travel or funding. As well, in addition to the usual nomination process, the Proposing APEC Economy will use the AEG and AEG-Security fora to solicit participation, and will also conduct direct outreach to their AVSEC contacts within APEC economies to promote participation in this workshop.

For risk of economies not applying knowledge learned or adopting recommendations from the project, refer to Section D: Project Sustainability for additional information on support and future projects.

Monitoring and Evaluation

Outputs

Indicators

Virtual Workshop Development and Delivery

·   Recruit experts

o  Target: at least two experts

·   Issue invitations and receive RSVPs

o  Target: two participants from each APEC Member Economy with a mix of regulator and operator level, and encouraging women’s participation

·   Create workshop materials

o  Target: agenda, presentations, facilitator guides, and participant manuals

·   Create workshop evaluation instruments that will collect sex-disaggregated data

o  Target: one pre- and one post-workshop questionnaire per workshop, one mid-project survey, and one follow-up survey

·   Host virtual workshop and facilitate training

o  Target: at least 30 participants

·   Begin best practices collection during virtual workshop

o  Target: at least two participant inputs collected

·   Collect data from pre- and post-workshop questionnaires

o  Target: at least 90% completion by participants

In-Person Workshop Development and Delivery

·  Recruit experts

o  Target: at least four experts, with at least one of them women

·  Issue invitations and receive RSVPs

o Target: the same participants from the virtual workshop

·  Create workshop materials

o  Target: agenda, presentations, facilitator guides, and participant manuals

·  Host in-person workshop and facilitate training

o  Target: at least 30 participants

·  Begin best practices collection during the in-person workshop

o  Target: at least four participant inputs collected

·  Collect data from pre- and post-workshop questionnaires

·  Target: at least 90% completion by participants

Best Practices Guidelines

·  Receive input for inclusion in the Best Practices Guidelines

o  Target: at least 30% response

Workshop Summary

·  Summarize workshop discussions and presentations

o  Target: first draft by three months after virtual workshop delivery

Outcomes

Indicators

Participants have expanded their knowledge on workshop principles

·  Delivery of workshops

o Target: modules presented include an overview of the evolving threat to civil aviation, unique threats associated with trusted insiders, employment of risk analysis and risk management principles, using limited resources to effectively target known threats and mitigate assessed risk

·  Evaluation of data from the workshop evaluation instruments

o  Target: at least 50% increase in knowledge of workshop principles

Behavior is changed to include the implementation of security culture concepts

·   Evaluation of responses to the follow-up survey

o  Target: at least 30% report change in behavior in-line with workshop principles

Best practices are further developed and informed international guidelines

·   Delivery of workshops

o  Target: modules presented include related international standards and recommended practices, and examples of security culture tools

·   Evaluation of responses to the follow-up survey

o  Target: at least 30% report the start or increase of activities directly related to workshop principles


Linkages

Since 1994, APEC Leaders have committed to the “Bogor Goals” in the pursuit of free and open trade and investment. Aviation security (or lack thereof) does not only affect the transportation industry; it can affect the growth potential of the region by promoting or inhibiting trade, investment, and tourism. The security of an airport operational environment does not singularly affect the transportation industry; therefore, to enhance the depth of discussion and demonstrate the importance of security culture beyond the TPTWG, other APEC Working Groups and sub-fora leads will be invited to contribute to the design and implementation of this project. Collaboration in the design and implementation of this project is welcomed from other groups within APEC, such as the CTWG and TWG. The Proposing APEC Economy will work with the Secretariat to ensure the draft agenda is shared with the TPTWG, CTWG, and TWG. This will provide an opportunity for comment on agenda topics as well as opportunity for potential speakers to make themselves known for consideration. The impacts on aviation security is not limited to transportation, therefore the Proposing APEC Economy recognizes input from the CTWG and TWG could be invaluable. In addition to relevant groups within APEC, workshop materials will be shared with subject matter experts from ICAO AVSEC Panel’s Working Groups on Training and Guidance Material in an effort to enhance and expand APEC deliverables to other international organizations. After the conclusion of the project, the Proposing APEC Economy will share the Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary with other international aviation organizations to promote the work within APEC and encourage others to conduct similar projects (refer also to Section D: Project Sustainability).

This project is a continuation of the conversation started at the 47th TPTWG Meeting in April 2019, regarding the AEG focused policy theme of Security Culture and Insider Threat, and it will expand on the topic of insider threat and the risks associated with that threat. Currently, the ICAO AVSEC Panel of Experts’ Working Group on Training is developing a Security Culture workshop that is expected to be an introductory lesson on security culture, the benefits of it, and implementation in the aviation environment, centered around the ICAO-developed Security Culture Toolkit. This Building a Culture of Security and Countering the Insider Risk project, however, will go beyond ICAO’s introductory workshop and include an intermediate dive into the concept of security; for example, experiential application and implementation of specific programs in and across different economies, and the development of policies and allocation of limited resources to advance security culture initiatives. Additionally, this project sets itself apart by collecting and publishing Best Practices Guidelines from participant economies, to be shared with other international aviation organizations, to include ICAO, as a demonstration of the advanced work being conducted within APEC. APEC is the best organization to support and advance this project because its Member Economies are diverse in their levels of implementation of international standards and can provide illustrative case studies on the development and implementation of security culture policies and programs in a variety of operational contexts.

This project is unique from the following previous APEC projects:

· TPT 06 2019A - Enhancing Aviation Efficiency and Safety via Performance Based Communications and Surveillance: This workshop does NOT address aviation security issues, but is rather focused on air navigation and safety concerns in that regard; this project does not /would not involve the same participants as TPT 07 2020A. Security Culture and aviation security writ large are not referenced at all in the Concept Note for TPT 06 2019A.

· TPT 02 2020A - Building Randomness and Unpredictability into Aviation Security Countermeasure Development and Implementation: this project focuses on a specific policy and operational component of Security Culture, as it relates to random and unpredictable countermeasures. However, Security Culture is a multifaceted concept, and the TPT 07 2020A Project will cover more than the particular component that will be addressed in TPT 02 2020A. The Security Culture Project sets the overarching framework for aviation security policy, programming, and operations – and the concepts covered can also be exported for application in other modes of transportation.

· CTWG 01 2020S - Workshop on Aviation Security: this CTWG Project is entitled “Workshop on Aviation Security,” it is actually a workshop on “Soft Target Protection in an Aviation Ecosystem” (refer to General Administrative Circular). Security Culture elements are not specifically covered during the workshop, as the focus will be on the emergency management cycle and Soft Target Protection Recommendations that were produced from the CTWG’s 2018 workshop held in Tokyo, Japan.

Sustainability

Support within the aviation ecosystem: Achievement of the project outcomes will include the integration, institution, and implementation of the project principles (i.e., risk management, security culture tools) into Member Economies’ domestic program policy frameworks and domestic security programs, and into aviation operators’ procedures. At that time, workshop principles are sustained due to its perpetuation in the domestic programs and procedures. Knowing that changes to policy are often lengthy endeavors and may take longer than this project’s one-year timeline to achieve, participants are encouraged to consult the Best Practices Guidelines and engage with other workshop participants to build a supportive AVSEC network. This project is designed to give participants the building blocks for successful completion of the project outcomes; however, participants must have the will to actually complete them. The Proposing APEC Economy will continue to provide support to select participants through initiatives in future projects, and as needed and requested by any of the project participants. 

Future projects: As a continuation of this project, and to mitigate the risk of economies failing to apply knowledge learned or adopt recommendations from the project as noted in Question 10: Risk, the Proposing APEC Economy will use the AEG and AEG-Security forums to solicit economy reports on the implementation of security culture, which will continue the conversation and build in participant accountability. The Proposing APEC Economy will also consider conducting observation visits to select economies with the agreement of the host government and based on participants’ answers to the surveys. The intent of the observations is to measure the implementation and success of the project principles within the economy’s AVSEC policy framework and operational infrastructure, and to provide additional support with, and economy-specific guidance on, the development and implementation of security culture. These observations will be evaluated and reported to APEC at future TPTWG meetings. 

Additionally, the Proposing APEC Economy may adapt the security culture principles and Best Practices Guidelines from this project and apply it to a security culture workshop for other transportation sectors, such as maritime, land, intermodal, etc. This would allow even more regulators and operators in other modes of transportation to enhance their security posture and counter the insider risk by adapting and using the Best Practices Guidelines across the different transportation sectors. Conducting this project again, with a focus on other modes of transportation, will help to better inform and advance economies’ knowledge that security culture and risk analysis principles are important factors in transportation security writ large. This will also allow other economies, perhaps from other regions, to be engaged in this discussion and to substantively expound upon these Best Practices Guidelines from their sector-specific perspectives. 

Reporting results: After the Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary have been endorsed by the APEC TPTWG and the collaborating stakeholder working groups, the Proposing APEC Economy will share them with ICAO through the appropriate forum, such as ICAO’s AVSEC Panel of Experts, Aviation Security Symposium, and/or the Aviation Security High-Level Conference. This will inform ICAO on the work being conducted within APEC Member Economies on the development and implementation of security culture and will promote the Best Practices Guidelines for global dissemination and consideration. The Proposing APEC Economy will encourage ICAO to continue the project and further promote implementation of the project principles with the aim of influencing global standards. In sum, the continuation of this project would result in the emphasis on the interconnectedness of aviation across economies globally and highlight APEC as a leader in global best practices and international standards.

Project Overseers

This project will be overseen by the U.S. Transportation Security Administration, represented by:

Name:

Kalei Cravalho

Eric Yatar

David Mickalonis

Title:

Program Analyst

Deputy Director

Branch Manager

Tel:

+1-571-227-1149

+1-571-227-2699

+1-571-227-1277

Email:

ghislaine.cravalho@tsa.dhs.gov

eric.yatar@tsa.dhs.gov

david.mickalonis@tsa.dhs.gov

Collectively, the POs have a wealth of knowledge and expertise in key focus areas of this project, including extensive experience in: leading, managing, developing, and delivering international training and technical assistance; developing and implementing international transportation and aviation security law and policy; conducting and managing security operations, including security screening operations, conducting risk analyses and applying risk management principles within the aviation domain; working bi-laterally and multilateral with APEC Member Economies; and engaging with industry stakeholders.

Cost Efficiency
Not Applicable.
Drawdown Timetable
Not Applicable.
Direct Labour
Not Applicable.
Waivers
Not Applicable.
Are there any supporting document attached?No