APEC Project Proposal |
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| Project No. | HWG 04 2012A | ||||||||
| Project Title | Strengthening Health Security - APEC Symposium on Strategies to Control and Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance | ||||||||
| Project Status | Completed Project | ||||||||
| Publication (if any) | |||||||||
| Fund Account | APEC Support Fund | ||||||||
| Sub-fund | ASF: Human Security | ||||||||
| Project Year | 2012 | ||||||||
| Project Session | Session 3 | ||||||||
| APEC Funding | 85,000 | ||||||||
| Co-funding Amount | 113,812 | ||||||||
| Total Project Value | 198,812 | ||||||||
| Sponsoring Forum | Health Working Group (HWG) | ||||||||
| Topics | Health | ||||||||
| Committee | SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation (SCE) | ||||||||
| Other Fora Involved | |||||||||
| Other Non-APEC Stakeholders Involved | |||||||||
| Proposing Economy(ies) | Korea | ||||||||
| Co-Sponsoring Economies | Indonesia;Malaysia | ||||||||
| Expected Start Date | 01/11/2012 | ||||||||
| Expected Completion Date | 31/10/2013 | ||||||||
| Project Proponent Name 1 | Song Jae-Hoon | ||||||||
| Job Title 1 | Chairman | ||||||||
| Organization 1 | Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID) | ||||||||
| Postal Address 1 | Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea | ||||||||
| Telephone 1 | 82-2 34100320 | ||||||||
| Fax 1 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Email 1 | songjh@skku.edu; ansorp@gmail.com | ||||||||
| Project Proponent Name 2 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Job Title 2 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Organization 2 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Postal Address 2 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Telephone 2 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Fax 2 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Email 2 | Not Applicable | ||||||||
| Declaration | Song Jae-Hoon | ||||||||
| Project Summary | Control and prevention of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most critical public health issues in APEC economies. Given the clinical and economic impact of AMR, APEC has been supporting the international projects to set up the future strategies to control and prevent AMR and to enhance the health security in the AP region since 2010. The current project is to organize an international symposium to discuss the clinical and economic impact of AMR and to explore strategies and relevant policies to control AMR in the AP region. The APEC symposium on AMR will be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in March 2013 in conjunction with 9th International Symposium on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance (ISAAR), which is one of the most representative international conferences on AMR in the world with more than 2,000 participants. During ISAAR 2013, the APEC symposium will provide relevant and updated information on how we evaluate the impact of AMR and how we control this global problem with world-renowned invited speakers and international participants. ISAAR and APEC Symposium will be a perfect match to emphasize the importance of AMR and to explore the future solutions to AMR. |
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| Relevance | Given the global importance of infectious diseases threat, APEC leaders declared the importance of cooperative efforts to monitor, respond to, and prevent critical infectious disease threats in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region (2009 APEC Leaders’ Declaration) and health security issues related to infectious diseases have featured on the APEC’s agenda since introduction of health issues to APEC. Widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is threatening public health and human security since treatment of infectious diseases is becoming more difficult due to AMR in major pathogens. The clinical impact of AMR is quite obvious with significant morbidity and increased mortality due to infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. AMR has a serious economic impact due to huge increase in healthcare cost for treatment. Also, AMR damages international economy and trade both directly and indirectly. Despite the threats to global public health security and economic impact of AMR, however, AMR is still a neglected issue in many APEC economies, particularly developing economies. Effective control and prevention of AMR can be achieved only by multifaceted international collaborations based on strong national and international initiatives because AMR can spread across borders. For this reason, APEC has supported an international project entitled “International initiatives to control antimicrobial resistance in the Asia-Pacific region” (HWG 05/2010A) in 2011. From this project, we were aware that most of the Asian economies did not recognize the current problems of resistance or have any specific plans or strategies to control AMR in their own economies, despite a very critical situation of AMR in many Asian economies and therefore, control and prevention of AMR should be one of the top priorities among national agenda in the AP region. This project was successfully performed to develop future strategies to control and prevent AMR in the Asian region by organizing Strategic Focus Group (SFG) of international, multi-sectoral experts and the Expert Forum with healthcare professionals and government officials from APEC economies. Five major action plans of future strategies include surveillance of AMR and antibiotic use in the region to identify the problem of resistance, appropriate use of effective antibiotics to prevent the emergence of AMR, effective vaccination to prevent the occurrence of specific infections, hospital infection control to prevent the spread of resistance, and finally relevant policies and regulations to control antibiotic use and to prevent AMR. Among these strategic action plans, the most urgent strategy is to increase awareness of AMR and to promote appropriate use of antibiotics in the Asian region. This can be achieved through international campaign for general public and healthcare providers, international conference for healthcare professionals and healthcare officials, international network or organization, and scientific information on academic journals. Therefore, the second project entitled “Enhancing health security in APEC - International campaign program to control antimicrobial resistance in the Asia-Pacific” (S HWG 02 12A) was approved for funding for Session 2, 2012, which is to implement an international campaign program to increase the awareness of AMR as well as to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics in the region. The current and third APEC project is aimed to improve understanding and awareness of AMR in healthcare providers, government officials, and other stakeholders in the Asian region and to explore solutions to control AMR by organizing an international symposium. Among various important strategic action plan to control AMR, which was developed by the previous project (HWG 05/2010A), one of the most important strategies is to implement relevant policies and regulations to control and prevent AMR through accurate understanding of the impact of AMR on health security. Despite the threats to global health security by AMR, clinical and economic impact of AMR is still poorly understood in many APEC economies, particularly in developing economies in the Asian region. Clinical and economic impact of AMR should be properly evaluated in order to effectively implement relevant policies and regulations to control and prevent AMR in both clinical practice and animal husbandry. Proper evaluation of economic impact of AMR is essential to change behaviour of healthcare officials and policy makers and to stimulate interest and attention in implementing relevant policies and regulations for the most cost-effective approach to control and prevent AMR in each economy. Therefore, this project will focus on understanding of the clinical and economic impact of AMR and discussion for effective implementation of policies and regulations to control AMR in both human medicine and animal husbandry in APEC economies. To prevent and control AMR in APEC economies through international initiatives, this project should be supported and endorsed by APEC which can activate public healthcare systems of APEC economies in collaboration with experts in the private sector. In addition, this project will strengthen APEC’s capacity to respond to public health emergencies related to AMR and to set out to enhance the preparedness against health threat caused by AMR in APEC economies. Ultimately, the successful completion of this project will lead to improved public health and enhanced human security, which will contribute to the reduction of overall healthcare costs and will further facilitate trade and investment in APEC economies. |
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| Objectives | · Long-term goal of the project: To control and prevent AMR in the AP region based on strategic action plans including increased awareness of AMR, appropriate antibiotic use, infection control, vaccination, and relevant policies and regulations, which was developed by the previous APEC project (HWG 05/2010A). · Key objectives of the project: - To organize an international symposium exploring strategies to control and - To understand clinical and economic impact of AMR and stewardship programs in the AP region
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| Alignment | · This project directly responds to the priorities set by APEC Leaders and Ministers since proper strategy to control and prevent AMR will strengthen capacity building of APEC, contributing global human security through APEC. It was declared that human security is one of the priorities for APEC, APEC's ECOTECH agenda, in 2010 since it is fundamental to developing new economic growth. · APEC Leaders declared at the 17th APEC leaders’ meeting in Singapore that “We will strengthen our health systems and cooperate to prevent and control emerging infectious diseases in the world.”.
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| TILF/ASF Justification | This project will help APEC economies prepare the future strategies to mitigate the economic and clinical impact of AMR through increased preparedness against human security caused by AMR and improved capacity to respond to public health emergencies related to AMR by the international symposium. International symposium will help APEC economies understand the impact of AMR on health security and implement relevant policies and regulations to control AMR in both human medicine and animal husbandry. In particular, we will support the participation of APEC lower- and middle-income developing economies by providing materials and contents of international symposium for understanding the impact of AMR on health security and exploring strategies to control and prevent AMR and implement relevant policies and regulations to control AMR. Implementation of the relevant policies and regulations to control and prevent AMR in APEC economies, particularly developing economies, will improve capacity building for preparedness against public health threat caused by AMR in the region and directly strengthen the ability to respond to emerging public health threat. |
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| Beneficiaries and Outputs | Outputs The major outputs of this project are organization of international symposium exploring strategies to control and prevent AMR, participation of many experts from private and governmental sectors in APEC economies and non-APEC stakeholders, and wide dissemination of contents and materials of international symposium and relevant and updated information on how we evaluate the clinical and economic impact of AMR and how we implement relevant policies and regulations. Also, additional outputs include contents and materials of international symposium, participants list, presentation slides of speakers, etc. Beneficiaries The ultimate purpose of this project is to control and prevent AMR in the AP region and reduce economic and clinical impact of AMR through increased awareness of AMR and exploration of strategies and relevant policies to control AMR in both human medicine and animal husbandry by international symposium. Therefore, beneficiaries of this project include physicians and healthcare providers who treat patients with infectious diseases, people in the livestock industry and veterinarians who use antibiotics in animal husbandry, healthcare authorities, governmental officials in APEC economies, mainly developing Asian economies, who deal with policies and regulations to control AMR, and general public who are consumers of antibiotics. Relevant stakeholders include mass media which can disseminate the contents and results of international symposium, healthcare professionals who use antibiotics, healthcare authorities, governmental officials in APEC economies, and external APEC stakeholders such as WHO, OIE (World Organization for Animal Health), International Vaccine Institute (IVI), academic organizations and societies, pharmaceutical companies, etc. Multi-sector stakeholders from APEC and non-APEC economies will be engaged in all the process of the international symposium for accurate understanding of the impact of AMR and valuable discussion for exploring strategies and relevant policies and regulations to control AMR in the AP region for implementation according to circumstances of their economies. Multi-sectoroal participants including healthcare providers, infectious disease physicians, microbiologists, veterinarians, pharmacists, governmental officials related to healthcare and animal husbandry, and pharmaceutical companies will be invited to the APEC symposium and speakers and active participants will be selected based on recommendation by government officials and related societies (ex, infectious disease societies) of APEC economies and external APEC stakeholders. This project will help APEC economies prepare the future strategies to mitigate the economic and clinical impact of AMR by exploring strategies to control and prevent AMR in healthcare professionals, government sectors, and general public and preparing against human security caused by AMR. In particular, even greater benefit will be gained by developing economies where antibiotics are abused and misused, AMR is more common, and economic impact of AMR is more devastating. |
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| Dissemination | Materials and contents of the international symposium and project report which includes clinical and economic impact of AMR, strategies and relevant policies to control AMR in the AP region will be provided to APEC economies. The electronic version of those published materials will be open for downloading on the APEC website and will be provided to other organizations’ websites for downloading to more widely disseminate the project results to APEC economies and non-APEC economies as well. Also, the results of the project will be shared with healthcare authorities in APEC economies and contents of the symposium will be shared with and provided to healthcare professionals and general public in APEC economies through international conferences, international campaign, websites, etc. The target audience of the international symposium will be experts on infectious diseases, microbiology or healthcare science such as physicians (infectious diseases, internal medicine, paediatrics, clinical microbiology, etc.), veterinarians, people in animal husbandry, pharmaceutical people, healthcare officials, and policy makers who will develop and discuss the strategies, relevant policies and regulations, and implementation plan to control and prevent AMR in APEC economies. There is no intention to sell outputs arising from this project. |
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| Gender | AMR and infectious diseases are not gender specific diseases, equally affecting men and women. This project will provide benefits for both men and women, equally, because this project will promote transparent information-sharing and communication that provide accurate and timely information to both men and women on AMR. Also, there will be no gender discrimination when preparing and organizing the international symposium. We will strengthen the participation and benefit for women by leading both men and women can actively join this project through international symposium. Gender equity will be actively pursued for invitations of speakers and participants. Also, women will be actively involved in every step of this project, and this level of involvement will be continued until the end of the study and after completion of the study. |
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| Work Plan |
Since AMR emerges due to multiple causes and spreads internationally, future strategies to control and prevent AMR should be based on multi-sectoral and international collaboration. Despite the threats to global public health security, clinical and economic impact of AMR is still poorly understood in many APEC economies, particularly in developing economies. Therefore, clinical and economic impact of AMR should be properly evaluated. Through accurate understanding of the impact of AMR, relevant policies and regulations to control and prevent AMR should be effectively implemented not only in clinical practice but also in animal husbandry. Development of symposium program and invitation of speakers and experts will be the first step for this project. We have already organized the Strategic Focus Group (SFG), consisting of international multi-sectoral experts from private and government sectors in APEC economies, for the previous APEC project entitled “International initiatives to control AMR in the AP region (HWG 05/2010A). And these members will work together to develop contents and programs of the APEC symposium. The outputs of this phase will include multi-sectoral and international collaboration, and development of symposium program and list of experts. 2) Organization of APEC symposium The APEC symposium, consisting of plenary lectures and symposium sessions, will be organized. The previous APEC project (HWG 02/2010A) was to develop future strategies to control and prevent AMR in the Asian region and the first international strategic action plans for control of resistance in the region based on the 1st and 2nd Expert Forum. Based on this strategic action plan, the APEC symposium sessions will focus on antimicrobial stewardship which is the key component of a multifaceted approach to preventing emergence of AMR and hospital infection control, policies and regulations to control AMR in both human medicine and animal husbandry, and clinical and economic impact of AMR and how to properly evaluate the economic impact of AMR. For successful completion of this project, the APEC symposium will be organized in conjunction with 9th International Symposium on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance (ISAAR), which will be held in March 2013 in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia. ISAAR has been organized by Prof. Jae-Hoon Song (Samsung Medical Center, Korea) since 1997 and supported by the Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID). ISAAR is one of the most representative international meetings on AMR and infectious diseases. It is held every two years for pivotal exchange of ideas and up-to-date information on infectious disease and AMR with over 2,000 worldwide participants and world-renowned experts. The most important and essential strategy is to disseminate the information and contents of this project to involved economies and external APEC stakeholders and to influence and guide policy makers and government officials for development and implement of relevant policies and regulations in the Asian region. Therefore, to maximize the effect of APEC symposium which will focus on clinical and economic impact of AMR and future strategies to control AMR in the AP region, ISAAR is the best meeting to be combined with for its global reputation and quality of the meeting and organization of APEC symposium in conjunction with ISAAR will lead to synergistic effects on wide dissemination of relevant information on AMR. Also, through ISAAR, APEC’s capacity to deal with not only economy but also the emergence of regional and global public health-related threats will be well recognized by APEC economies and external APEC stakeholders. Therefore, ISAAR in KL, Malaysia in March 2013 the APEC symposium will be the best opportunity for APEC symposium to be held. ISAAR will be held from March 13 to March 15, 2013 with the theme of “Containing antimicrobial resistance : a global mission to be achieved” and the APEC symposium will be held on March 15, 2013 with the theme of “Strategies to control and prevent AMR”. ISAAR will focus on clinical problem and importance of AMR including AMR in major pathogens and treatment of major infections, while APEC symposium will focus on strategies to control AMR including how to implement antimicrobial stewardship in Asian economies, how to control antibiotic abuse and implement policies to control AMR in human medicine and animal husbandry, and how to evaluate economic impact of AMR. Programs of APEC symposium consisting of plenary lectures and symposium sessions are as follows: The outputs of this phase will include organization of international symposium, presentation slides of the speakers, list of experts and participants in APEC economies and external APEC stakeholders and pharmaceutical companies, and contents and materials of the international symposium. 3) Dissemination of information After organizing the international symposium, relevant information of APEC symposium and project results will be disseminated through various channels including international campaign to APEC economies and also other parts of the world. The contents of the international symposium will be shared by all APEC economies to help them acknowledge and implement relevant strategies and regulations to control and prevent AMR. The outputs of this phase will include relevant information for understanding the impact of AMR and strategies to control AMR for dissemination to APEC economies and final report of this project.
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| Risks | The success of the project depends on the active participation and support from the APEC economies. Several risks may be involved and the risks will be manages as follows: - Inactive participation of healthcare professionals and healthcare authorities in developing economies due to economic difficulties will be managed by travel support. - Potential difficulty to implement relevant policies and regulations which were discussed at this project in some developing economies will be managed by continuous collaboration among healthcare authorities and healthcare experts, which will guide the practical implementation of relevant policies and regulations in each economy. |
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| Monitoring and Evaluation | The success of this project will be measured through following outputs:
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| Linkages | The international symposium will be organized by the representatives of the stakeholders including healthcare professionals, experts on infectious diseases, microbiology, veterinary medicine, and government officials in APEC economies and external APEC stakeholders. Also, we are looking forward to collaborating with other APEC fora such as Life Science Forum and Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group (ATCWG). This project is based on the previous APEC project entitled "International initiatives to control antimicrobial resistance in the Asia-Pacific region" (HWG 05/2010A), which has proposed the first international strategy for control and prevention of AMR in the AP region. Among various strategic action plans which were developed by the previous APEC project, the most basic and essential strategy is to increase awareness of AMR and to promote appropriate use of antibiotics in the Asian region. Better understanding and increased awareness of AMR is crucial and can be achieved through international campaign, international conference, international network or organization, and scientific information on academic journals. For this reason, the project entitled “Enhancing health security in APEC-international campaign program to control antimicrobial resistance in the Asia-Pacific” (S HWG 02 12A) was also approved for funding for Session 2, 2012, which is to implement an international campaign program to increase the awareness of AMR and promote the appropriate use of antibiotics in the AP region. And, the current project will focus on understanding the impact of AMR on health security and economy and exploration of strategies for effective implementation of relevant policies and regulations to control and prevent AMR in both human medicine and animal husbandry in APEC economies through international symposium. AMR is one of the most critical emerging infections worldwide and a more serious healthcare threat than any single disease entity. Asian region has been reported to be an epicenter of AMR with high prevalence of AMR and greater impact of AMR on clinical outcome and economic damage. The prominent emergence of AMR is wreaking havoc on the economy of many APEC economies. The impacts from AMR concerns in trade of agricultural products are particularly important to developing economies because of the high value of these products and high prevalence of AMR in these economies. However, in many Asian economies, AMR is still a neglected issue due to lack of awareness, resulting in preventing from preparing comprehensive international strategies for AMR and leading to ineffective responses to AMR in the region. Therefore, common understanding of the impact of AMR and international collaborations are urgently needed to control AMR and to prevent the spread of AMR in APEC economies. According to one of the priority goals of APEC, which is to plan, prepare for, and respond to public health emergencies, APEC has the responsibility to strengthening capacity building to prepare emerging health threat. Therefore, APEC’s support of this project can make the international symposium more effective and sustainable in the APEC economies. APEC can contribute to more effective management of AMR in both APEC economies and non-APEC stakeholders through APEC’s capacity to socialize governments, to attract international attention to the AMR threats, and to share best practices. Ultimately, control of AMR in the region will greatly contribute to the economic growth of APEC economies in the future by reducing additional healthcare costs, preventing negative impact on international trade, and saving many human lives from fatal infections. Therefore, it is considered that the APEC is the best source of funds for this project. |
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| Sustainability | Given the critical impact of AMR, APEC has been supporting the international projects to set up the future strategies to control and prevent AMR and to enhance the health security in the AP region since 2010. The first project entitled “International initiatives to control antimicrobial resistance in the Asia-Pacific region” (HWG 05/2010A) was successfully performed with development of the first international strategic action plans for control and prevention of AMR in the Asian region by organizing the Strategic Focus Group (SFG) and the Expert Forum. Based on the strategic action plans developed by the first project (HWG 05/2010A), the international campaign project was approved for Session 2 (S HWG 02 12A) to increase the awareness of AMR as well as to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics in APEC economies. The current project, which is based on the results of the first APEC project (HWG 05/2010A), is to organize an international symposium to discuss and understand the clinical and economic impact of AMR and to explore strategies to develop and implement relevant policies and regulations to control and prevent AMR in the AP region. Through all the efforts and international collaborations endorsed by APEC, expected outcome and the long-term goal of the projects is to prevent and control AMR in APEC economies. These APEC projects will strengthen APEC’s capacity to respond to public health emergencies related to AMR and set out to enhance the preparedness against health threat caused by AMR in APEC economies. In particular, developing economies in the region will have great benefits from these outputs. In these economies, accurate understanding of the clinical and economic impact of AMR, which could be provided from this project, would make physicians use antibiotics more appropriately and implement infection control measures for control and prevention of AMR. Major outputs of this project will be the basis for future actions by physicians and healthcare professionals as well as healthcare authorities in the APEC economies. This will benefit not only patients (general public) but also hospitals and further APEC economies by reducing the overall health care costs and improving health security. Also, this project will be the basis for healthcare authorities or administrators in APEC economies to develop and implement policies and strategies for control and prevention of AMR. Furthermore, outputs of this project will be disseminated to healthcare professionals through reports of expert meetings, academic reports and presentations at the local and international academic meetings or to general public through campaigns using mass media such as TV and newspapers to increase the public awareness of AMR. This information can also contribute to the further development of new antibiotics and treatment options in pharmaceutical companies. As mentioned earlier, better understanding and increased awareness of AMR is the most essential and basic part of the strategy. Therefore, this project is not the final accomplishment for the control of AMR in the AP region, but the initiation of future process and implementations of future strategies to control and prevent AMR in the region based on the strategic action plan derived from our previous project. This APEC project will be an important initiation of the international collaborations in the future for control and prevention of AMR in APEC economies and external APEC stakeholders. After completion of this project, continuous efforts to get further APEC support and to get another international supports from WHO or other organizations will be pursued based on the results of this project. Therefore, through these activities, international collaboration among APEC economies and external APEC stakeholders will be strengthened to handle infection-related threats in the AP region. |
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| Project Overseers | Project overseer: Jae-Hoon Song, MD, PhD • Chairman, Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID)
Dr. Jae-Hoon Song has organized ANSORP in 1996 for surveillance of AMR and infectious diseases and has expanded its structures to have over 120 hospitals in 14 economies in the AP region as of June 2012. Collaborative researches of ANSORP have provided pivotal data regarding infectious diseases and AMR in the region and ANSORP has been successfully developed into the most representative international study group in the region. Most of the ANSORP countries are APEC economies. Dr. Song has also founded APFID in 1999, which is the Asia’s first international research foundation specifically for infectious diseases, to improve the global health through Asian initiatives by strengthening and coordinating national and international research-related activities on infectious diseases and AMR. APFID has exerted great efforts to serve as a core infrastructure for control and prevention of infectious diseases and AMR in the AP region through collaborative research, technical development, exchange of ideas and information, and strategic planning for the past decade. Scientific activities of APFID are coordinated by the Steering Committee which consists of world-renown scientists and physicians from the USA, UK, Japan, Malaysia, and Korea. Therefore, through these experiences and expertise on organizing and managing multinational network and holding international symposia and meetings, the project overseer is certainly able to drive this project to success. |
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| Cost Efficiency | As an effort to maximize the cost-efficient use of the resources, the collaboration and communication to develop contents, materials, and program of international symposium will be mostly done through on-line meetings (e-mail or teleconference) and on-site meeting will be held only when it is clearly needed. Also, in order to minimize the expenses from APEC fund, the fees for contractors who have a role for organization of international symposium, some of speaker’s honorarium and travel expenses, and publication and communication expenses will be self-funded. Participation of Strategic Focus Group (SFG), which was established in our previous APEC project (HWG 05/2010A), consisting of multi-sectoral experts in APEC economies for preparation of strategies to control and prevent AMR in the AP region, will also maximize efficient use of resources of this project. Additionally, the project offers APEC maximum value for money by completing the international symposium in one day and some of the hosting fee will also be self-funded. Since the APEC symposium will be held in conjunction with ISAAR, we can definitely minimize the expenses including invitation of participants from APEC economies and rental price. Most participants who attend the ISAAR will attend the APEC symposium without APEC support and rental price for the conference room and secretariat room can be also reduced. Most of all, the most cost-effective approach for wide dissemination of contents of APEC symposium and APEC’s capacity to deal with public health threat can be achieved since many multi-sectoral participants from APEC economies including government officials and external APEC economies including non-profit health organizations and pharmaceutical companies will participate in the APEC symposium and ISAAR 2013. |
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| Drawdown Timetable | Not Applicable |
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| Direct Labour | Six speakers from private sector (non-government organization), not from our own organization, will have presentations and panel discussion at the international symposium which will be held in March 15, 2013 in KL, Malaysia and will be supported by APEC fund. Also, the APEC fund will be used to support speakers and active participants who attend the APEC symposium. This APEC budget will be separately planned and used from ISAAR budget. |
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| Waivers | Not Applicable |
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| Are there any supporting document attached? | No | ||||||||
