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* Atleast Project Title is Required.
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Project No. |
TPT 02 2020A
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Project Title |
Building Randomness and Unpredictability into Aviation Security Countermeasure Development and Implementation
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Project Status |
Project in Implementation
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Publication (if any) |
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Fund Account |
APEC Support Fund
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Sub-fund |
ASF: Human Security
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Project Year |
2020
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Project Session |
Session 1
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APEC Funding |
94,000
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Co-funding Amount |
17,000
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Total Project Value |
111,000
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Sponsoring Forum |
Transportation Working Group (TPTWG)
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Topics |
Transportation
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Committee |
SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation (SCE)
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Other Fora Involved |
Counter Terrorism Working Group (CTWG); Tourism Working Group (TWG)
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Other Non-APEC Stakeholders Involved |
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Proposing Economy(ies) |
United States
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Co-Sponsoring Economies |
Canada; New Zealand; Singapore; Chinese Taipei
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Expected Start Date |
01/10/2020
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Expected Completion Date |
31/12/2021
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Project Proponent Name 1 |
Kalei Cravalho / Eric Yatar
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Job Title 1 |
Program Analyst / Deputy Director
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Organization 1 |
US Transportation Security Administration
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Postal Address 1 |
Not Applicable
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Telephone 1 |
(1-571) 2271149
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Fax 1 |
Not Applicable
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Email 1 |
ghislaine.cravalho@tsa.dhs.gov
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Project Proponent Name 2 |
David Mickalonis
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Job Title 2 |
Branch Manager
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Organization 2 |
US Transportation Security Administration
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Postal Address 2 |
Not Applicable
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Telephone 2 |
(1-571) 2271149
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Fax 2 |
Not Applicable
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Email 2 |
ghislaine.cravalho@tsa.dhs.gov
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Declaration |
Kalei Cravalho, Eric Yatar and David Mickalonis
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Project Summary |
This project is designed to enhance Member Economies’ risk mitigation capabilities by examining how to best leverage their existing resources to target specific threats and identify vulnerabilities, and to assist aviation security authorities to determine when, where, and how to allocate future resources. The workshop will cover: case studies of programs and best practices; how to create and tailor tactical responses to risk; the benefits of risk analysis; and identification of resources to leverage for risk mitigation. It will also include an overview of the international standards and recommended practices that promote the implementation of countermeasures using random and unpredictable techniques. This project will consist of two two-hour virtual workshop sessions, a three-day in-person workshop with activities and airport site visit, a follow-up survey, and targeted interviews. The virtual workshop is being considered for February 2021 and the in-person workshop for August 2021 in Oregon, United States. |
Relevance |
Relevance – Region: By introducing the concept of random and unpredictable aviation security (AVSEC) countermeasure implementation, this project seeks to address the risks associated with trusted insiders, complacency in the implementation of security controls and the negative impact this can have on their deterrent effect, and how to efficiently use limited resources to effectively target known threats and mitigate assessed risk. The application of random and unpredictable techniques is promoted in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) of Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention, and provided for in the ICAO Security Manual (Doc 8973). As such, Member Economies are obligated to consider incorporating these techniques in their deployment of aviation security resources in order to achieve effective security outcomes. Understanding and employing risk analyses and risk management principles will allow for more targeted application and efficient use of resources to achieve the greatest security outcome, and promote the development of innovative approaches to aviation security. Using these techniques and applying these principles will ensure greater fiscal and resource management and afford the sustainability of operations in light of exponential growth and within an ever-changing threat environment. The implementation of random and unpredictable AVSEC countermeasures has sustained benefits for every economy, from economies that are in the early stages of developing their AVSEC programs to economies with established AVSEC programs, but it is particularly relevant for those operating with very limited AVSEC resources.
Relevance – Eligibility and Fund Priorities: Per the current APEC Project Funding Sources, this project falls under the APEC Support Fund – Sub-Fund on Human Security with an emphasis on the funding priorities of Counter-Terrorism and Secure Trade. The project targets Member Economies’ capacity to effectively counter terrorist / insider threats to the aviation domain and mitigate vulnerabilities within airport operations. Through the application of risk management principles and the efficient allocation of resources, the project will contribute to the sustainable growth of the aviation sector, encourage the development and implementation of innovative aviation security policy and programs in furtherance of risk reduction, and leverage best practices from the experience of other economies. The project will enable Member Economies to comply with international standards and recommended practices and enhance their capacity to develop policies and implement measures related to the application of random and unpredictable aviation security measures (rather than ad hoc application) by learning best practices from others, consistent with sound risk analyses and management principles.
Relevance – Capacity Building: This project directly supports APEC’s goal for capacity building while attaining sustainable growth and equitable development in the Asia-Pacific region. As outlined by the “Study on the Costs of Terrorism and the Benefits of Cooperating to Combat Terrorism,” which was circulated at the Secure Trade in the APEC Region Conference in Bangkok, Thailand, a doubling of terrorist incidents in an 11-year period reduced bilateral trade by 6 percent on average. Plainly put, terrorist incidents are detrimental to international trade and, without trade, sustainable growth cannot be achieved. It is imperative that trade routes remain secure. This project is designed to strengthen Member Economies’ abilities, skills, and technical knowledge of risk mitigation capabilities to improve their institutional processes and thereby reduce their vulnerability to terrorism within the aviation operating environment. Risk analysis allows Member Economies to make risk-based, informed decisions that effectively counter the threat and participants will learn ways to leverage existing resources for cost-effective, long-term sustainability. Participants will be given the building blocks for effective implementation of the workshop principles, and are encouraged to partner with stakeholders to replicate the principles and proven best practices learned. Thereby increasing the collective sense of ownership of securing the aviation environment within the economy and the region. By strengthening the aviation environment, Member Economies will be able to further engage in the regional economy and trade as a whole. |
Objectives |
The objectives of this project are four-fold: 1) ensure participants understand the international SARPs for the application of random and unpredictable techniques in their AVSEC regime, with a focus on airport-level operations; 2) increase participants’ knowledge of the insider threat within the aviation domain, how to address security issues using risk-based approaches, and better leverage existing resources to mitigate that threat; 3) build support for participants to implement randomness and unpredictability within their AVSEC operations through risk analysis principles and risk management to mitigate identified vulnerabilities; and 4) foster evidence-based risk-informed decision making to support a more robust security culture. |
Alignment |
Alignment - APEC: This project advances several priorities outlined in the 2017 APEC Transportation Ministerial Meeting, including: enhancing transportation security by improving Member Economies’ capacity to mitigate vulnerabilities and counter terrorist threats; engaging with other stakeholders within APEC (i.e., CTWG, TWG) and international organizations (i.e., ICAO); encouraging compliance with ICAO SARPs, such as the implementation of countermeasures using random and unpredictable techniques; and minimizing security risks to transportation by encouraging economies to efficiently utilize the latest security technology and processes to better detect threats.
Alignment – Forum: The Proposed TPTWG Work Plan for 2020 lists priorities to advance APEC’s overarching agenda, such as enhancing transportation accessibility, safety, security, resilience, efficiency, and sustainability, as well as encouraging cross-cutting socio-economic improvement. This project aligns with the Proposed TPTWG Work Plan priorities, because it will enable Member Economies to develop and institute more sustainable aviation security measures that will not only provide greater facilitation of passengers and goods in air transport, but also allow for sustained high levels of security across the operating system to contribute this quality transport vision. During the project, participants will learn how to better leverage existing resources to mitigate the insider threat, thereby affording all Member Economies, regardless of their economic means, equal opportunity to develop and implement countermeasures without additional resources. Thus, creating a more secure, efficient, and sustainable transportation environment. Within the Proposed TPTWG Work Plan, relevant APEC fora were identified with which to strengthen cross-fora collaboration, such as the CTWG. The Proposing APEC Economy proactively recognizes transportation as a key sector that impacts many economic initiatives and industries. Therefore, we will collaborate not only with the CTWG, but other fora for which the increase in security and efficiency of the aviation transportation sector would also greatly benefit, such as the TWG.
As outlined in the Proposed TPTWG Work Plan and agreed upon at its 47th Meeting held in Vancouver, Canada in April 2019, TPTWG members will lead in-depth discussions on their respective focused themes. One of the focused themes for the Aviation Expert Group (AEG) is security culture and insider threat, which discussion on the topic was started and the foundation set at the 47th Meeting. This project is the extension of that discussion and will continue to provide Member Economies with building blocks to build a more robust aviation operating environment. This is accomplished through the enhancement of initiatives to combat the insider threat by way of the development and implementation of random and unpredictable countermeasures and the promotion of risk analysis with a security-conscious mindset. A security-conscious mindset is a benefit of security culture and furthers the mantra that security should be everyone’s responsibility. This project not only aligns with the Proposed TPTWG Work Plan for 2020, but it also continues to accomplish the TPTWG’s priorities by extending the conversation into 2021 and beyond, through the installation of timeless principles to combatting the insider threat and by encouraging participants to implement those principles within their economy. |
TILF/ASF Justification |
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Beneficiaries and Outputs |
Outputs:
1) Virtual Workshop Development and Delivery – 5 months (October 2020 to February 2021)
The virtual workshop will be comprised of two two-hour instructional sessions. Development of both the virtual and in-person workshop curriculums will be done in-house by the Proposing APEC Economy where existing materials (i.e., training materials on security culture, insider risk, random and unpredictable countermeasures, etc.) will be tailored to this project’s objectives and for context and applicability to participants.
During the development phases, the workshop agenda, presentations, and facilitator guide will be drafted and structured into modules that allow flexibility for method of instruction. For the virtual workshop, modules are likely to be in presentation-style format with facilitator prompts to encourage participant engagement. The virtual workshop modules are expected to address:
· Overview of the evolving terrorist threat to international civil aviation.
· Risk as an element of Security Culture in the aviation security domain.
· Discussion of the unique risk associated with trusted insiders, complacency in the implementation of security controls and the negative effects this can have on their deterrent value.
· International standards and recommended practices related to the application of random and unpredictable techniques.
During the workshops, participants will be introduced to the concepts of risk and its three components: threat, vulnerability, and consequence. The application of risk analysis and risk-informed decision making will shape all workshop content. The experts will further guide participants through discussions on the unique threat posed by aviation insiders, the establishment of baseline security measures in accordance with international standards, designing and implementing random security, and related subject matter.
2) In-Person Workshop Development and Delivery – 11 months (October 2020 to August 2021)
The in-person workshop will be three days with activities and an airport site visit, Portland International Airport is considered for the site visit. For the in-person workshop, modules are likely to be in presentation-style format with facilitator prompts to encourage participant engagement and include breakout group format for group work or practical exercises. The in-person workshop modules are practical applications of the lessons learned during the virtual workshop and are expected to address:
· Employing risk analyses and management principles for the targeted application of countermeasures.
· Methodologies for establishing baseline aviation security measures.
· Implementing random and unpredictable aviation security countermeasures.
· Using limited resources to effectively target known threats and mitigate assessed risk.
Practical exercises will include conducting observations at an operating airport, developing proposed random measures, resourcing and coordinating those measures, and communicating with appropriate partners and the public. Participant manuals that address necessary factors will be provided to participants to guide their design of proposed action measures, which can then be used by the participant when they return to their agency or airport.
3) Best Practices Guidelines – 10 months (February 2021 to November 2021)
Starting during the virtual workshop and continuing post-in-person workshop, participants will contribute inputs to the Best Practices Guidelines, which will be compiled and later disseminated to workshop participants. The Best Practices Guidelines will be a 12-15-page document that includes a cover page, table of contents, summary of random and unpredictable countermeasure principles, and participant inputs. Refer to Question 7: Dissemination for dissemination plans of the Best Practices Guidelines.
4) Workshop Summary – 10 months (February 2021 to November 2021)
The Workshop Summary will be an 8-12-page document that includes a cover page, table of contents, introduction to the project, list of participating economies and agencies, brief summary of course modules, summary of participant feedback, lessons learned, and conclusions and recommendations from both the virtual and in-person workshops. Refer to Question 7: Dissemination for dissemination plans of the Workshop Summary.
Outcomes:
1) Participants demonstrated an expansion in their knowledge of risk and its components, the unique risks posed by aviation insiders, the root causes of vulnerabilities, and the policy implications therein. Participants returned to their economies with the skills necessary to apply risk analysis principles and risk-based approaches to security issues. Recalling lessons learned and best practices gleaned from peers, participants developed an action plan to more effectively leverage limited financial, human, and other resources in random and unpredictable ways to more effectively mitigate the risk, within their respective economy.
2) With the increased understanding of the insider threat and the risk associated with that threat, regulatory requirements and aviation security operations are formulated in a way that produces more cost effective security operations, as well as more sound and transparent policy decision making. Regulatory and operational decision making is transformed to incorporate a process informed by risk and evidence-based decision making. Aviation policies and procedures are enhanced by the use of risk analysis and risk management principles that guide programs and their operational implementation, and that are cost-effective and operationally efficient. Blanket and basic security countermeasures that are costly and do not appropriately target the threat are replaced by results-oriented and risk-based countermeasures.
3) Risk-based random and unpredictable countermeasures are further developed and implemented within the aviation environment. This is indicated by procedural and operational changes, where adherence to related international standards and recommended practices is increased. Security regulators and operators are engaged along with stakeholders to work collaboratively to create an aviation environment that is more secure and supported by robust, risk-informed processes and procedures.
Beneficiaries: The target audience for the workshops (selection criteria) is individuals directly involved in the development and/or operationalization of aviation security measures and associated policies, programs, and regulations within APEC Member Economies, both at the domestic (regulator) level and airport (operator) level. During the workshops, participants will create an action plan to bring lessons learned back to their economy and implement the next steps outlined. It is imperative to have a good mix between regulator and operator level participants as the successful development and implementation of risk-based countermeasures requires change in the institutional mindset throughout the aviation environment, including at the regulator and operator levels. Both need to work cohesively to apply project principles and achieve project outcomes.
Beneficiary profiles include Member Economy aviation security officials, policy makers and regulators, as well as aviation industry stakeholders responsible for aviation security. Individuals will be invited to participate from each of the 21 APEC Member Economies and solicited through TPTWG messaging, in consultation with the CTWG and TWG. In accordance with the Malaysian Host Year’s priorities and Proposed TPTWG Work Plan for 2020, this project upholds the initiative to encourage Women in Transport. To this end, the Proposing APEC Economy aims to ensure the participant invitee list includes a healthy mix of women and men.
It is envisioned that the participants of the virtual workshop and the in-person workshop will be the same. Participants are highly encouraged to attend both events because the virtual workshop will introduce key concepts to the project (Part 1) and the in-person workshop will be an expansion and practical application of those concepts (Part 2). Without attending both workshops, participants will not have a full understanding of random and unpredictable countermeasures and may not be able to successfully implement the project’s concepts in their economy’s aviation operations’.
Workshop participants are not the only beneficiaries for this project. Post-workshop, participants are encouraged to partner with stakeholders within their economy’s aviation environment to enact the action plan formed and apply the lessons learned. Therefore, workshop principles will be replicated and implemented to the benefit of a stronger global aviation ecosystem. Regardless of who participates in the workshops, all APEC Member Economies will have access to the workshop principles and deliverables to enact within their own economy. |
Dissemination |
The Best Practices Guidelines and the Workshop Summary will be published and made available electronically via ACS and other APEC document databases for briefing and distribution during the TPTWG, CTWG, and TWG meetings following the completion of the project, to encourage all APEC Member Economies to consider the development and implementation of random and unpredictable countermeasures. The POs will then work with the APEC Secretariat to disseminate the publications to the wider APEC audience, for example posting on the APEC website. Electronic distribution is the preferred method of dissemination; therefore, the Best Practices Guidelines and the Workshop Summary will not be printed. The POs will adhere to the requirements in the Guidebook on APEC Projects, the APEC Publications Guidelines, and the APEC Logo Guidelines for these publications, to include: presenting at a level of English fit for publication and adhering to APEC nomenclature rules.
The Proposing APEC Economy will share the project results outside of APEC, but has no intention to sell it. In addition to briefing the project’s outputs within APEC, the Best Practices Guidelines and the Workshop Summary may be packaged for briefing and dissemination to international aviation security organizations, such as ICAO and its Aviation Security Panel of Experts. This may be done in an electronic format and will therefore not require additional funds from APEC to accomplish (refer to Section D: Project Sustainability for additional information). |
Gender |
The Proposing APEC Economy does not discriminate and will invite aviation security experts to contribute on the project regardless of gender. The POs will ensure both women and men are invited to, engaged and participate in all activities of this project. In regards to the inclusion of women, the Proposing APEC Economy will target participant engagement of at least 30% of women between each of the two categories: 1) participants, and 2) experts and other contributors. The POs are committed to collecting sex disaggregated data for all participants and experts (not only those funded by APEC) during the workshops. This data will be included when submitting a Completion Report to the Secretariat upon completion of the project, as well as providing guidance to future POs on their own gender parity targets. Project outcomes and objectives benefit the global aviation ecosystem as a whole, which will include benefits for women in transport. Specifically, this project will promote women’s economic empowerment through the pillars on skills and capacity building, and leadership, voice, and agency. The workshops and its activities will teach women participants the technical principles of risk analyses and risk management, and prepare them for successful application of these principles within their economy’s AVSEC operations. Additionally, as AVSEC professionals and leaders, women will be invited to contribute in all aspects of the project from the project coordination, workshop development and delivery, follow-up activities, and project reporting. |
Work Plan |
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Time |
Tasks |
Deliverables |
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October 2020 |
· Project start.
· The Proposing APEC Economy will organize all project details in-house.
· The POs will establish working procedures and division of labor with the project’s collaborating stakeholders, such as economy co-sponsors and collaborating APEC working groups. |
Definition of Groundwork and Outline of Responsibilities for Project |
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November 2020 – January 2021 |
· The POs will finalize the virtual workshop logistics.
· In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will create the list of workshop invitees.
· Working with the APEC Secretariat and Heads of Delegation for the TPTWG, the POs will issue invitations to the list of workshop invitees.
· At least two months before the virtual workshop (December 2020), the POs will send the General Information Circular for the virtual workshop.
· In accordance with the APEC Projects Guidebook, the POs will keep the Secretariat, via the Program Director (PD), informed of project implementation progress. This will include but is not limited to funding requirement notifications.
· In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will develop both workshops’ curriculums.
· In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will recruit workshop experts and facilitate creation of the applied components (e.g., activities, practical exercises, plan development).
· The POs will pilot the workshops to an audience of the Proposing APEC Economy subject matter experts and make necessary adjustments based on expert feedback.
· In coordination with the PD, the POs will create workshop evaluation instruments (i.e., questionnaires, survey, and targeted interview). |
Preparation and Coordination of Project
Send General Information Circular
Development of Workshop Currculum
Development of Workshop Evaluation Instruments |
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February 2021 |
· The Proposing APEC Economy will host the virtual workshop and facilitate the training delivery.
· During workshop delivery, experts will solicit best practices from participants and the POs will compile the initial input.
· The POs will collect the pre-workshop and post-workshop questionnaires.
· The POs will use the Event Attendance List template to collect participant and expert data, and adhere to the necessary requirements regarding data collection and the template. |
Delivery of Virtual Workshop
Use of Event Attendance List |
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March – May 2021 |
· The POs will evaluate the data collected by the virtual workshop questionnaires and include findings in relevant summaries.
· In collaboration with the experts, the POs will summarize virtual workshop discussions and presentations.
· The POs will complete and submit the APEC Project Monitoring Report to the PD (due by 1 April 2021).
· In accordance with the APEC Projects Guidebook, the POs will keep the PD informed of project implementation progress.
· The Proposing APEC Economy will finalize the in-person workshop logistics, including consideration to shift to a virtual workshop, if necessary (by May 2021). |
Evaluation of Virtual Workshop
Submission of APEC Project Monitoring Report
Preparation and Coordination of In-Person Workshop |
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June – July 2021 |
· At least two months before the in-person workshop (June 2021), the POs will send the General Information Circular for the in-person workshop.
· To travel-eligible economy participants and experts, the POs will provide specific guidance on travel limitations and funding reimbursement in accordance with APEC guidelines.
· In accordance with the APEC Projects Guidebook, the POs will keep the PD informed of project implementation progress. |
Send General Information Circular |
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August 2021 |
· The Proposing APEC Economy will host the in-person workshop and facilitate the training delivery.
· During workshop delivery, experts will solicit best practices from participants.
· The POs will collect the pre-workshop and post-workshop questionnaires.
· The POs will use the Event Attendance List template to collect participant and expert data, and adhere to the necessary requirements regarding data collection and the template. |
Delivery of In-Person Workshop
Use of Event Attendance List |
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September – November 2021 |
· September 2021 (one month post-workshop): the POs will send the follow-up survey and continue to solicit best practices input.
· October 2021 (two months post-workshop): the POs will follow-up to ensure receipt of all survey responses. In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will also select participants and conduct the targeted interviews.
The POs will evaluate the data collected by the follow-up survey and targeted interviews, and include the findings in relevant summaries.
· In coordination with collaborating stakeholders, the POs will identify and finalize recommendations from the workshop.
· The POs will submit the Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary for APEC publication (projected by 1 November 2021).
· The POs will resolve all project related payments and reimbursement claims, if applicable, and submit financial documentary requirements to the Secretariat via the PD (due at least 6 weeks before project completion). |
Execution of Follow-Up Activities
Continuation of Progress Monitoring
Finalization of Reports
Submission of Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary
Submission of Financial Documentary Requirements |
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December 2021 |
Project completion. |
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February 2022 |
The POs will complete and submit the APEC Project Completion Report to the PD (due within 2 months after project completion). |
Submission of APEC Project Completion Report |
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6-12 months after project completion |
The POs will participate in the Long Term Evaluation of APEC Projects conducted by the Secretariat. |
Post-Project Completion Activity | |
Risks |
Due to the current global climate, the greatest risk that could and has impacted this project’s implementation is the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 impact on global health, international travel, and the subsequent application of travel restrictions, the Proposing APEC Economy has shifted this project’s in-person workshop to August 2021 and added a virtual workshop in February 2021. With the addition of a virtual workshop, the noted risk of APEC projects failing to engage more than half of the anticipated number of funded-participants is mitigated, because the virtual format allows greater opportunity for participation without need for travel or funding. As well, in addition to the usual nomination process, the Proposing APEC Economy will use the AEG and AEG-Security fora to solicit participation, and will also conduct direct outreach to their AVSEC contacts within APEC economies to promote participation in this workshop.
For risk of economies not applying knowledge learned or adopting recommendations from the project, refer to Section D: Project Sustainability for additional information on support and future projects. |
Monitoring and Evaluation |
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Outputs |
Indicators |
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Virtual Workshop Development and Delivery |
Recruit experts
- Target: at least two experts
Issue invitations and receive RSVPs
- Target: two participants from each APEC Member Economy with a mix of regulator and operator level, and encouraging women’s participation
Create workshop materials
- Target: agenda, presentations, facilitator guides, and participant manuals
Create workshop evaluation instruments that will collect sex-disaggregated data
- Target: one pre- and one post-workshop questionnaire per workshop, one follow-up survey, and targeted interview outline
Host virtual workshop and facilitate training
- Target: at least 30 participants
Begin best practices collection during virtual workshop
- Target: at least two participant inputs collected
Collect data from pre- and post-workshop questionnaires
- Target: at least 90% completion by participants |
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In-Person Workshop Development and Delivery |
Recruit experts
- Target: at least four experts, with at least two of them women
Issue invitations and receive RSVPs
- Target: the same participants from the virtual workshop
Create workshop materials
- Target: agenda, presentations, facilitator guides, and participant manuals
Host in-person workshop and facilitate training
- Target: at least 30 participants
Begin best practices collection during the in-person workshop
- Target: at least four participant inputs collected
Collect data from pre- and post-workshop questionnaires
Target: at least 90% completion by participants |
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Best Practices Guidelines |
Receive input for inclusion in the Best Practices Guidelines
- Target: at least 30% response |
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Workshop Summary |
Summarize workshop discussions and presentations
- Target: first draft by three months after virtual workshop delivery |
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Outcomes |
Indicators |
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Participants have expanded their knowledge on workshop principles |
Delivery of workshops
- Target: modules presented include an overview of the evolving threat to civil aviation, unique threats associated with trusted insiders, employment of risk analysis and risk management principles, using limited resources to effectively target known threats and mitigate assessed risk
Evaluation of data from the workshop evaluation instruments
- Target: at least 50% increase in knowledge of workshop principles |
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Behavior is changed to include use of evidence-based, risk-informed decision making |
Evaluation of responses to the follow-up survey
- Target: at least 30% report change in behavior in-line with workshop principles
Evaluation of responses to the targeted interview
- Target: at least 40% report change in behavior in-line with workshop principles |
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Risk-based random and unpredictable countermeasures are further developed and implemented |
Delivery of workshops
- Target: modules presented include related international standards and recommended practices, and examples of random and unpredictable countermeasures
Evaluation of responses to the follow-up survey
- Target: at least 30% report the start or increase of activities directly related to workshop principles
Evaluation of responses to the targeted interview
- Target: at least 40% report the active development and/or implementation of countermeasures | |
Linkages |
Since 1994, APEC Leaders have committed to the “Bogor Goals” in the pursuit of free and open trade and investment, which is essential to the growth potential of the region. Just like trade is vital to the growth of the region, aviation security is vital to the growth of trade. The security of an airport operational environment does not singularly affect the transportation industry, therefore to enhance the depth of discussion beyond the TPTWG, other APEC Working Groups and sub-fora leads will be invited to participate in the workshops. Collaboration in the design and implementation of the workshops are welcomed from other groups within APEC, such as the CTWG and TWG. In addition to relevant groups within APEC, workshop materials will be shared with subject matter experts from ICAO AVSEC Panel’s Working Groups on Training and Guidance Material in an effort to enhance and expand APEC deliverables to other international organizations. After the conclusion of the project, the Proposing APEC Economy will share the Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary with other international aviation organizations to promote the work within APEC and encourage others to conduct similar projects (refer to Section D: Project Sustainability).
This project is a continuation of the conversation started at the 47th TPTWG Meeting in April 2019, regarding the AEG focused theme of security culture and insider threat, and it will expand on the topic of insider threat and the risk associated with that threat. To the POs’ knowledge, no international organizations are currently conducting a project like this, including within APEC, that focuses on the principles of risk analysis and risk management with regard to the development and implementation of random and unpredictable countermeasures. Nevertheless, this project has implications for continued development throughout the global aviation ecosystem. APEC is the best organization to support and advance this project because its Member Economies are diverse in their level of implementation of international standards and can provide illustrative case studies on the development and implementation of random and continuous countermeasures in a variety of operational contexts. |
Sustainability |
Support within the aviation ecosystem: Achievement of the project outcomes includes the integration, institution, and implementation of the project principles (i.e., risk analyses, random and unpredictable countermeasures) into the domestic program policy framework, the domestic security program, and the aviation operator’s procedures, respectively. At that time, workshop principles are sustained due to its perpetuation in the domestic programs and procedures. Knowing that changes to policy are often lengthy endeavors and may take longer than this project’s one-year timeline to achieve, participants are encouraged to consult the Best Practices Guidelines and engage with other workshop participants to build a supportive aviation security network. This project is designed to give participants the building blocks for successful completion of the project outcomes; however, participants must have the will to actually complete them. The Proposing APEC Economy will continue to provide support to select participants through initiatives in future projects and as needed and requested by project participants.
Future projects: As a continuation of this project, and to mitigate the risk of economies failing to apply knowledge learned or adopt recommendations from the project as noted in Question 10: Risk, the Proposing APEC Economy will use the AEG and AEG-Security forums to solicit economy reports on implementation of their action plans developed during the workshops, which will continue the conversation and build in participant accountability. The Proposing APEC Economy will also consider conducting observation visits to select economies with the agreement of the host government and based on participants’ answers to the targeted interview. The intent of the observations is to measure the implementation and success of the project principles within the economy’s policy and infrastructure, and to provide additional support with and economy-specific guidance on the development and implementation of random and unpredictable countermeasures. These observations will be evaluated and reported to APEC at future TPTWG meetings.
In an effort to further the conversation on threats to the aviation ecosystem, the Proposing APEC Economy will consider conducting future projects on topics such as Security Culture, Use of Advance Passenger Information (API) and Passenger Name Record (PNR) Data for AVSEC Purposes, and/or AVSEC Technology Acquisition and Deployment Lifecycle. These topics are vital to building a robust aviation ecosystem and promoting the more efficient use of resources for better and more effective targeting of threat and risk-mitigation activities within the aviation domain.
Additionally, in light of the constantly evolving aviation threat environment, the Proposing APEC Economy will consider updating this project based on the post-workshop recommendations and conducting the project again within 1-2 years’ time after its completion. The updated project could be conducted within APEC or other international aviation security organizations, such as ICAO and/or the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Conducting this project again will perpetuate the knowledge that random and unpredictable countermeasures and risk analysis principles are important factors in aviation security. This will also allow other economies, perhaps from other regions, to be engaged in this discussion.
Reporting results: After the Best Practices Guidelines and Workshop Summary have been endorsed by the APEC TPTWG and the collaborating stakeholder working groups, the Proposing APEC Economy will share them with ICAO through the appropriate forum, such as ICAO’s AVSEC Panel, Aviation Security Symposium, and/or the Aviation Security High-Level Conference. This will inform ICAO on the work being conducted within APEC Member Economies on the development and implementation of random and unpredictable countermeasures and will promote the Best Practices Guidelines for global dissemination and consideration. The Proposing APEC Economy will encourage ICAO to continue the project and further promote implementation of the project principles with the aim to influence global standards. With the resources of ICAO supporting the project, the Universal Security Audit Programme - Continuous Monitoring Approach and/or regional offices (i.e., Asia and Pacific Office in Bangkok, Thailand and South American Office in Lima, Peru) could be utilized to ensure project principle implementation and future project actions are conducted and being tracked. In sum, the continuation of this project would result in the emphasis on the interconnectedness of aviation across economies globally and highlight APEC as a leader in global best practices and international standards. |
Project Overseers |
This project will be overseen by the U.S. Transportation Security Administration, represented by:
Collectively, the POs have a wealth of knowledge and expertise in key focus areas of this project, including extensive experience in: leading, managing, developing, and delivering international training and technical assistance; developing and implementing international transportation and aviation security law and policy; conducting and managing security operations, including security screening operations, applying random and unpredictable security countermeasures within the aviation domain; working bi-laterally and multilateral with APEC Member Economies; and engaging with industry stakeholders. |
Cost Efficiency |
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Drawdown Timetable |
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Direct Labour |
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Waivers |
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Are there any supporting document attached? |
No
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Attachments
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